Ószövetség

The Ószövetség, also known as the Old Testament, is the first section of the Christian biblical canon. It comprises a collection of ancient religious texts that form the foundational scriptures for Judaism and Christianity. These texts were written in Hebrew and Aramaic over a period of many centuries, dating back to antiquity.

The Ószövetség is broadly divided into several categories, including the Pentateuch (the first five books), historical books, wisdom literature, and prophetic books. The Pentateuch, also called the Torah in Jewish tradition, recounts the creation of the world, the early history of humankind, and the covenant between God and the Israelites, including the laws given to Moses. The historical books narrate the experiences of the Israelites, their conquests, kingdoms, and exiles. Wisdom literature offers reflections on life, morality, and the nature of God, with prominent examples like Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. The prophetic books contain messages from prophets who spoke on behalf of God, addressing the people's conduct and foretelling future events.

For Christians, the Ószövetség is seen as a precursor and preparation for the New Testament, containing prophecies and themes that are believed to be fulfilled in Jesus Christ. For Jews, it is the complete and authoritative scripture, often referred to as the Tanakh, and is central to their religious practice and identity. The narratives and teachings within the Ószövetség have profoundly influenced Western civilization, art, literature, and legal systems.