Ónæmisskort

Ónæmisskort is an Icelandic term that translates to immune deficiency. It refers to a condition where the body's immune system is weakened or not functioning properly, making it more susceptible to infections. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, certain medications, or diseases like HIV.

There are two main categories of immune deficiency: primary and secondary. Primary immunodeficiencies are typically inherited genetic disorders that affect the development or function of immune cells. Secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired later in life due to external factors such as chemotherapy, organ transplantation, malnutrition, or viral infections.

Symptoms of immune deficiency can vary widely depending on the severity and specific cause. Common signs include recurrent, severe, or persistent infections, slow-healing wounds, and a history of pneumonia, sinus infections, or ear infections. In children, failure to gain weight or grow normally can also be an indicator.

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various laboratory tests to assess immune cell function and identify specific deficiencies. Treatment aims to manage infections, prevent future complications, and, in some cases, replace missing immune components through therapies like immunoglobulin replacement or stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals with immune deficiency.