Çinin

Çinin, commonly known in English as China, is a country in East Asia. Officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), it has the world's largest population, around 1.4 billion, and covers a vast and varied landscape.

China borders 14 nations and has a long eastern coastline along the Pacific. Its terrain ranges from the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas in the west to fertile plains along major rivers, and includes the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Climate varies from arid in the north to subtropical in the south.

Chinese civilization dates back millennia, with early dynasties and a long imperial era. The Qin unified the territory in 221 BCE, followed by successive dynasties and reforms. The modern state emerged in 1949 with the People's Republic, and since 1978 market reforms spurred rapid growth.

The PRC is a single-party socialist republic led by the Communist Party of China. The National People's Congress is the legislature, while the State Council handles the administration; the president is the head of state and the premier leads the government.

China has one of the world's largest economies, with manufacturing, services, and technology sectors. It is a major exporter of electronics, machinery and consumer goods and a central part of global supply chains. The population is ethnically diverse; Han Chinese are the majority, with numerous minority groups. Standard Chinese (Putonghua) is the official language.

Culture and international context: China has a long artistic and philosophical heritage, notable cuisine, and traditions tied to festivals such as the Lunar New Year. It plays a central role in international affairs as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and pursues initiatives like the Belt and Road.