Ångkällor

Ångkällor, or hot springs, are natural geothermal features where groundwater is heated by the Earth's interior and emerges at the surface with temperatures ranging from mild to very hot. They form where tectonic or volcanic activity allows hot magma to stir underground water, often creating mineral-laden waters rich in dissolved gases such as sulfur, radon or magnesium. The temperature and chemical composition of an ångkälla can vary widely, producing clear, turquoise-water pools in some cases, and opaque, iron-rich waters in others.

In Sweden, true thermal springs are relatively uncommon due to the country’s geological history, but there are still a handful of notable sites. The Ångkälla in Sälen, Värmland, has been used for therapeutic purposes since the 19th century, offering mild bathing and mud-lavage treatments. Elsewhere, the geothermal potential of the eastern border has led to several small-scale cooling and heating projects, leveraging the subsurface heat for district heating. Beyond Sweden, Ångkällor are a major feature of Iceland, Norway, Finland and Estonia, where they form the basis of expansive spa resorts such as the Blue Lagoon. In Iceland, the abundant volcanic activity yields thousands of spring sites, many of which are heavily mineralized and regularly used for health and relaxation amenities.

Historically, Ångkällor have attracted both scientific interest and popular tourism. Civil engineers studied them in the 19th century to harness the geothermal energy for industrial purposes, and modern sustainable development aims to balance commercial spa use with environmental protection. In many northern European cultures, bathing in hot springs is tied to folklore and traditional healing practices. Contemporary spa centers now offer regulated access to these waters, ensuring safety standards while preserving the natural integrity of the spring sources.