Áramhordozók

Áramhordozók is a Hungarian term that translates to "current carriers" in English. It refers to the mobile charged particles within a material that are responsible for conducting electric current. The nature of these carriers depends on the type of material. In metals, the primary current carriers are free electrons, which are loosely bound to the atoms and can move freely throughout the material's lattice structure. When an electric field is applied, these electrons drift in a particular direction, constituting an electric current.

In semiconductors, both electrons and holes can act as current carriers. Electrons are negatively charged particles that move from a higher energy level to a lower one, while holes are vacancies left by electrons, which behave as positively charged entities. The conductivity of semiconductors can be precisely controlled by doping, which introduces impurities to increase the number of either electrons or holes.

In electrolytes and ionic solutions, current is carried by the movement of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, acquiring a net electric charge. Positively charged ions (cations) move towards the negative electrode (cathode), and negatively charged ions (anions) move towards the positive electrode (anode). The flow of these ions constitutes an electric current. Understanding the nature of current carriers is fundamental to comprehending electrical conductivity and the behavior of various materials in electrical circuits.