zuhud

Zuhud is an Islamic ethical concept describing detachment from worldly wealth, pleasures, and status in pursuit of spiritual closeness to God. The term derives from the Arabic root zahida, meaning to abandon or turn away. In classical usage, zuhud emphasizes contentment with what is sufficient, humility, and dependence on God, rather than a rejection of daily life or responsibilities.

In early Islamic thought, zuhud is presented as a disciplined stance rather than simple ascetic withdrawal. Prominent figures such as Hasan al-Basri and Abu Dharr al-Ghifari are associated with the tradition, teaching that the transience of this world should temper one’s desires and that wealth should be used with generosity and justice. The practice is not opposition to commerce or family life; rather, it seeks balance—rejecting excessive attachment while fulfilling duties to family, community, and the poor.

In Sufism, zuhud becomes a central spiritual attitude linked to other concepts such as tawakkul (trust in God), faqr (spiritual poverty), and dhikr (remembrance of God). It is framed as inner readiness and detachment that deepens devotion, rather than external displays of piety.

In contemporary usage, zuhud often denotes modest living and a focus on spiritual matters. Some critics caution that it must not justify neglect of social responsibility, injustice, or charity. Overall, zuhud remains a foundational theme in Islamic ethics, shaping attitudes toward wealth, desire, and the afterlife.