zoonózis

Zoonosis refers to infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. These diseases are caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The transmission can occur through direct contact with an infected animal, such as through bites or scratches, or indirectly through contaminated environments, food, or water. Vectors like mosquitoes and ticks can also play a role in spreading zoonotic diseases.

The spectrum of zoonotic diseases is broad, ranging from common ailments like rabies and Lyme disease to more severe outbreaks like West Nile virus, avian influenza, and COVID-19. The close proximity of humans and animals, particularly in agricultural settings, urban environments, and through pet ownership, increases the risk of zoonotic transmission. Factors such as deforestation, climate change, and global travel can also influence the emergence and spread of these diseases.

Preventing zoonotic diseases involves a multifaceted approach. Public health initiatives often focus on educating individuals about safe practices when interacting with animals, proper food handling, and vector control measures. Veterinary public health plays a crucial role in monitoring animal populations for diseases and implementing control strategies. Research into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of zoonotic infections is ongoing to better understand and combat these transmissible threats.