zmiana

Zmiana is a Polish noun that denotes the act or result of changing something. It covers alterations, modifications, replacements, transformations, and can refer to both minor adjustments and substantial relocations. It is used in everyday language as well as in formal contexts.

Etymology: The word derives from the verb zmieniać (to change, to alter) or its perfective zmienić. Its formation uses the common Polish suffix -a to denote the action or process, yielding a feminine noun.

Common uses include zmiana planów (change of plans), zmiana pracy (change of job), zmiana ubioru (change of clothes). In timekeeping, zmiana czasu refers to daylight saving time or the seasonal clock change; przesunięcie czasu is also used. In politics or society, zmiana władzy indicates a change of power or leadership. In science and technology, zmiana ustawień or zmiana parametrów refers to modification of settings or parameters.

Notes: The term is versatile and can describe gradual developments or discrete events. It is frequently paired with adjectives to specify scope or permanence, such as duża zmiana (major change) or stała zmiana (permanent change).