zincs

Zincs, commonly referred to as zinc, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a bluish‑white metal that is relatively brittle at room temperature but becomes malleable on heating, with a melting point of 419.5°C (787°F).

Occurrence and extraction: Zinc occurs primarily in minerals such as sphalerite (zinc sulfide). It is mined in various countries and produced commercially by roasting to convert sulfide to oxide, followed by reduction to metal. Purification is typically achieved by electrolytic refining or other processes to produce high-purity zinc.

Properties and uses: Zinc resists corrosion through the formation of a protective oxide layer. It has a density of about 7.14 g/cm³ and a boiling point of 907°C. The most important industrial use is galvanizing steel and iron to prevent rust. It also forms alloys such as brass (with copper) and various zinc‑based die‑casting alloys. Zinc oxide is widely used in rubber, ceramics, cosmetics, and as a white pigment; zinc chloride and other compounds are used in chemical synthesis and batteries.

Biological role and safety: Zinc is an essential trace element for humans and many organisms, playing roles in enzymatic activity, protein synthesis, and immune function. Deficiency can impair growth and immune response; excessive intake or inhalation of zinc compounds can cause toxicity and metal fume fever. Environmental release is managed to minimize soil and water impacts.

Economy and environment: Zinc is economically important for protective coatings and alloys, with significant mining, refining, and recycling activity. Major producers include China, Peru, and Australia. Recycling scrap zinc is common and helps stabilize supply while reducing environmental impact.