zawiesiny

Zawiesiny, in Polish, refer to suspensions — heterogeneous mixtures in which solid particles are dispersed in a continuous liquid phase. In such systems the dispersed phase consists of solid particles that do not dissolve, forming a visibly distinct, dispersed phase within the liquid. Particle sizes typically exceed those of true solutions and can range from submicron up to several tens of micrometers, often leading to settling over time if the suspension is left undisturbed.

The stability of zawiesiny depends on several factors, including particle size and density difference between the solid and liquid, the presence of stabilizing additives, and the level of agitation. Heavier or larger particles settle more quickly according to gravity, while smaller or well-dispersed particles may form a stable suspension for longer periods. Stabilizers such as polymers, clay minerals, surfactants, or charging agents can reduce aggregation and improve suspension stability. Mechanical mixing or controlled shear is commonly used to maintain uniform dispersion in processing and usage.

Common examples and applications include pharmaceutical suspensions (orally administered drugs in a liquid carrier), paints and coatings, food products with dispersed solids, cosmetic formulations, and drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry. In many cases, suspensions require periodic shaking or stirring before use to restore uniformity, and they are typically separated again by decantation, filtration, or centrifugation when a clear phase is desired.

Analytical methods for zawiesiny include turbidity measurements, particle-size analysis, and zeta potential assessment to evaluate stability. Handling and storage guidelines emphasize minimizing sedimentation, avoiding contamination, and following product-specific instructions for use and disposal.