yerba

Yerba refers to the dried leaves of Ilex paraguariensis, an evergreen shrub in the holly family. The plant is native to subtropical regions of South America and is cultivated for commercial use in Argentina, Paraguay, southern Brazil and Uruguay. After harvest, the leaves are dried, aged and ground to produce yerba mate, which can be green, golden, or smoked in flavor. Varieties are often labeled as yerba mate verde or humada (smoked).

Yerba mate is prepared by placing the leaves in a hollow gourd (mate) and adding hot water. A metal straw (bombilla) is used to sip the infusion. The preparation can be repeated for multiple servings. In some regions, a cold version called tereré is prepared with cold water and often herbs or citrus.

Nutritionally, yerba contains caffeine and other methylxanthines, as well as polyphenols. Caffeine content and flavor vary by processing and brand. Some consumers report energizing effects; others may experience sensitivity or sleep disturbances.

Culturally, yerba mate is a social beverage in several South American countries, commonly shared in groups as a symbol of hospitality. It is widely available commercially, in loose-leaf form or tea bags, and may be blended with herbs or flavors in some markets.