xiphoidní

Xiphoidní refers to the xiphoid process (processus xiphoideus), the small projection at the inferior end of the sternum (breastbone). The xiphoid process is the lowest part of the sternum and forms the distal tip that can vary considerably in size, shape, and orientation. In infancy and youth it is largely cartilaginous, and ossification typically progresses with age. By middle age, the xiphoid process may fuse with the body of the sternum, though the timing and completeness of fusion vary among individuals.

Anatomy and development: The xiphoid process lies below the jugular notch and above the diaphragm. It serves as an attachment point for several ligaments and, in some individuals, for abdominal and thoracic muscles. Because its cartilaginous nature and position can differ, it may be pointed, lanceolate, square, or bifid, and in rare cases may project posteriorly or be elongated. Calcification of the xiphoid process is common in older adults and may be visible on radiographs even without pathology.

Clinical relevance: The xiphoid process is an important anatomical landmark in clinical procedures. In CPR, hands are placed on the lower half of the sternum, avoiding direct pressure on the xiphoid process to minimize injury to underlying structures such as the diaphragm or liver. The subxiphoid region can also be used as an access point for certain procedures, such as pericardiocentesis, in emergency settings. Fracture or trauma to the xiphoid process is uncommon but can occur and may be mistaken for other abdominal or thoracic injuries on imaging.