xenotranszplantáció

Xenotransplantáció refers to the transplantation of organs, tissues, or cells from a non-human animal into a human. This practice aims to address the critical shortage of human organs available for transplantation. The most commonly considered animal donor for xenotransplantation is the pig, due to the physiological similarities between pigs and humans and their rapid breeding cycle.

The primary challenge in xenotransplantation is the risk of hyperacute rejection, where the human immune system immediately attacks and destroys the transplanted organ. This is largely due to the presence of xenoantigens, molecules on the surface of animal cells that are recognized as foreign by the human immune system. Genetic modification of donor animals is a key area of research to reduce or eliminate these xenoantigens and to introduce human genes that can help prevent immune rejection.

Another significant concern is the potential transmission of zoonotic diseases, or pathogens that can pass from animals to humans. Strict screening and containment protocols are essential to mitigate this risk. Ethical considerations also play a crucial role, encompassing animal welfare and the societal implications of using animals for human benefit.

Despite the hurdles, ongoing research in genetic engineering, immunology, and infectious disease control holds promise for the future of xenotransplantation as a viable option for treating organ failure. Clinical trials are slowly progressing, cautiously exploring the potential of this innovative medical field.