wyczerpany

Wyczerpany is a Polish adjective describing a state in which energy, resources, options, or a topic have been fully used, exhausted, or depleted. It can refer to a person’s energy as well as to inanimate objects or abstract things, such as a supply or a argument that has been fully covered.

Etymology and form: The word derives from the verb wyczerpać, meaning “to exhaust” or “to deplete.” It is formed with the prefix wy- attached to czerpać (to draw, to extract) and appears in its past passive participle form wyczerpany, used as an adjective. The corresponding gender and number forms follow standard Polish adjective agreement: masculine wyczerpany, feminine wyczerpana, neuter wyczerpane; plural masculine personal wyczerpani and plural non-masculine wyczerpane.

Usage: Wyczerpany is used to describe a state resulting from depletion. Examples include: “Zapas paliwa jest wyczerpany” (The fuel supply is exhausted), “Mój dzień był wyczerpany” (My day was exhausting), and “Temat został wyczerpany” (The topic has been exhausted/covered). It is appropriate in formal and colloquial contexts alike.

Related forms and synonyms: Common near-synonyms include zużyty (used up), wyczerpany is often chosen when the emphasis is on depletion of resources or energy rather than mere usage. The negation nie wyczerpany (not exhausted) conveys that something still has reserves or capacity.

See also: Wyczerpać (to exhaust, to deplete) and related phrases describing depleted states or exhausted resources.