wovens

Wovens, or woven fabrics, are textiles produced by interlacing yarns on a loom. The vertical yarns are called the warp, the horizontal yarns the weft (or filling). The pattern of interlacing determines the fabric's structure, strength, and drape.

Common weave structures include plain weave, twill, and satin. Other patterns such as damask or jacquard fabrics create complex textures and designs. The weave structure influences properties like surface smoothness, air permeability, stretch, and luster.

Fabrics are made from various fibers, including natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen, as well as synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon, often used in blends. Modern weaving uses powered looms, including shuttleless types, enabling high-speed production and varied fabric widths. Finishing steps such as bleaching, dyeing, printing, and calendering modify color, hand, and performance.

Wovens have played a central role in textile history; archaeological finds and ancient artifacts show long-standing weaving traditions in many regions. Today, woven fabrics are used in clothing, upholstery, carpets, and technical applications requiring specific strength, flame resistance, or absorbency.