weavings

Weavings are textiles produced by interlacing threads at right angles, typically using warp (lengthwise) and weft (crosswise) yarns. The interlacing occurs on a loom, or by hand using frame or backstrap techniques, with the weft thread passed over and under warp threads to form a stable fabric.

Common weave structures include plain weave, where the weft crosses the warp in an over-under pattern; twill, which creates diagonal lines; and satin, which produces a smooth surface with long floats. Other techniques include basket weaving, leno, and jacquard patterns for complex designs. The time and resources required for weaving vary, and fabrics can be produced on foot-powered looms as well as modern industrial looms.

Materials range from natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen to synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester. Dyes and finishes alter color, texture, and hand. Tools include looms (frame, backstrap, rigid heddle, and tapestry looms), shuttles for passing the weft, and devices like heddles or reeds to separate warp threads.

Historically, weaving arose independently in many regions and dates back thousands of years, with archaeological finds across continents. It serves clothing, household textiles, and art, and remains a significant craft in many cultures. In contemporary contexts, weaving combines traditional techniques with industrial production and design, while preservation and documentation of patterns and skills are common concerns.