võrkkestalt

Võrkkestalt is a term derived from Estonian, directly translating to "retina" in English. It refers to the light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. This complex layer contains photoreceptor cells, namely rods and cones, which are responsible for detecting light and converting it into electrical signals. These signals are then processed by other neurons within the retina before being transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, ultimately enabling vision.

The retina's structure is highly organized, with different cell types performing specific functions in the visual pathway. The macula, a small, specialized area within the retina, is responsible for sharp, central vision and color perception. The fovea, located at the center of the macula, is the area of highest visual acuity. Disorders affecting the võrkkestalt can lead to a range of visual impairments, from blurred vision to complete blindness. Common conditions include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa.