vääntövoiman

Vääntövoima, often translated as torque, is a twisting force that tends to cause rotation. It is the rotational equivalent of linear force. Just as a force applied to an object can cause it to accelerate linearly, a torque applied to an object can cause it to accelerate rotationally. The magnitude of torque depends on three factors: the magnitude of the applied force, the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied (often called the lever arm or moment arm), and the angle between the force vector and the lever arm vector. Mathematically, torque is calculated as the cross product of the position vector from the pivot point to the point of force application and the force vector.

In simpler terms, imagine trying to loosen a bolt with a wrench. The force you apply to the wrench handle creates a torque on the bolt, causing it to turn. A longer wrench (larger lever arm) allows you to apply the same torque with less force, or to apply a greater torque with the same force. The direction of the torque determines the direction of rotation, typically clockwise or counterclockwise. Vääntövoima is a fundamental concept in mechanics and is crucial for understanding the operation of engines, gears, levers, and many other mechanical systems. It is measured in units such as Newton-meters (Nm) or foot-pounds (lb-ft).