väljunud

Väljunud is an Estonian word that functions as a past participle of the verb väljumma, meaning to go out or to depart. It is used as an adjective or predicative to describe someone or something that has left a place, or that has departed from a location or situation.

In its literal sense, väljunud describes a completed action of leaving. For example, in a sentence like ta on koolist väljunud, the phrase conveys that the person has left school. The form can modify a noun or appear in a predicate position with the appropriate grammatical endings, following standard Estonian adjective agreement and case rules.

Väljunud can also be used metaphorically to indicate that something is no longer current or active, i.e., outdated or obsolete. In this figurative use, phrases like väljunud tehnika or väljunud ideed are employed to describe technologies or ideas that have fallen out of use or relevance. This sense is common in both spoken and written Estonian and can apply to objects, practices, or concepts rather than people alone.

Etymology and morphology: the word is derived from the verb väljuma (to go out, to depart) with the suffix -nud forming a past participle that can function as an adjective. As with other Estonian adjectives, väljunud agrees with the noun it describes in number and case.

See also: väljumine (the act of exiting), obsolete or outdated concepts in Estonian discourse.

The term is standard in contemporary Estonian usage and is attested in dictionaries and corpora describing both literal and metaphorical departures.