vyazení

Vyazení, in textile craft, refers to knitting—the process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn with needles. It is distinguished from crocheting, which uses a single hook, whereas knitting works with multiple active loops. Vyazení can be performed by hand or on a knitting machine, and it covers a wide range of fabrics from lightweight jerseys to warm cables.

Materials and tools: Yarn selections include wool, cotton, synthetic fibers, and blends, chosen for weight, elasticity, and drape. Tools include straight needles, circular needles, and double-pointed needles, as well as accessories such as stitch markers and lifelines. Gauge—the number of stitches and rows per inch—affects fit and texture.

Techniques: Basic steps include casting on, knit and purl stitches, and binding off. Common patterns include garter, stockinette, and ribbing; shaping is achieved through increases and decreases; cables and lace add texture. Knitting can be done in flat pieces or in the round, the latter for seamless garments.

History and scope: The exact origins of vyazení are uncertain, but knitting developed in various regions of Europe and the Near East in the medieval period and later spread globally. Industrialization introduced machine knitting, enabling mass production, while hand knitting remains a popular craft and art form in many cultures.

Applications and care: Vyazení yields garments, accessories, and home textiles. Patterns range from simple to complex, with ongoing communities sharing designs online. Care depends on fiber content: washing, drying, and blocking instructions help maintain shape and texture.