vrouwelijk

Vrouwelijk is a Dutch adjective meaning female or feminine. It is used to describe people, animals, or things that are of the female sex or that exhibit qualities traditionally associated with femininity. The term can also refer to feminine gender in linguistic or biological contexts, and it appears in phrases such as vrouwelijke arts (female doctor) or vrouwelijke kenmerken (feminine characteristics). In general, it contrasts with mannelijk, the term used for masculine or male-related reference.

Etymology and related terms: Vrouwelijk is formed from the noun vrouw (woman) with the suffix -lijk. Related nouns include vrouwelijkheid (femininity) and the adverbial or predicate forms that may accompany descriptive statements about gender or sex.

Grammar and usage: In Dutch, gender is often discussed in terms of natural gender (biological sex) rather than a strict grammatical gender system. Vrouwelijk is commonly employed when the natural sex or gender of a person or animal is relevant, or when describing attributes associated with femininity. It can modify nouns across contexts, yielding phrases such as een vrouwelijke parlementariër (a female parliamentarian) or feminiteit in sociocultural discussions. The term can appear in academic, medical, or everyday language, and it is also used in discussions about gender-inclusive language and gender roles.

Sociolinguistic and cultural notes: Debates on gender in Dutch often explore how language reflects and shapes perceptions of femininity and gender equality. Terms like vrouwelijk and mannelijk are part of broader conversations about stereotypes, representation, and inclusivity in communication, media, and policy. The concept remains central to discussions of identity, culture, and social norms in Dutch-speaking communities.