vosotrosforms

Vosotros forms refer to the second-person plural informal in Spanish, used primarily in Spain. They correspond to the pronoun vosotros (masculine or mixed gender) or vosotras (feminine) and are distinct from ustedes, which is the standard second-person plural in most of Latin America. The vosotros forms are typically used when addressing a group of peers, friends, or family, and they are less common in formal writing or speech.

Conjugation patterns for the present, preterite, imperfect, and some mood forms are regular by verb class, with notable irregulars. In the present indicative, the endings are -áis for -ar verbs, -éis for -er verbs, and -ís for -ir verbs: habláis, coméis, vivís. In the preterite, the endings are -asteis for -ar and -isteis for -er/-ir: hablasteis, comisteis, vivisteis. In the imperfect, the endings are -abais for -ar and -íais for -er/-ir: hablábais, comíais, vivíais. The present subjunctive for vosotros is -éis (for -ar verbs: habléis) and -áis (for -er/-ir: comáis, viváis). The affirmative imperative uses the endings -ad, -ed, -id: hablad, comed, vivid; the negative commands are habléis, comáis, viváis.

Irregular verbs commonly used with vosotros include ser (sois), ir (vais), estar (estáis), and haber (habéis) in the present. In the preterite, forms such as fuisteis, estuvisteis, dijisteis, hicisteis are typical. Regionally, many Spanish speakers outside Spain use ustedes instead of vosotros for informal plural address, aligning with a different set of verb forms.