viðskeyttinum

vÍðskeyttinum is an Icelandic term that refers to a group of lay judges, traditionally known as a *virðingsurða* or "jury of accompanying persons", who assist in criminal and civil legal proceedings. The practice dates back to the medieval *þing* assemblies, where local community members would convene to resolve disputes and punish offenses. Over time, mötækliþingið evolved into a more formalized system, with selected individuals serving in a quasi-judicial capacity to ensure local knowledge and communal standards were reflected in verdicts.

In contemporary Iceland, the viðskeyttinum typically operates within the district courts (sýslulögreglur). A case is referred to a jury of six to ten laypersons, excluding the judges. The jury deliberates on the facts of the case and issues a written opinion that the court may incorporate into its final judgment. The jury’s role is advisory; the professional judge retains ultimate authority. Criticism of the system has focused on concerns about lay expertise, potential bias, and transparency. Proponents argue that the viðskeyttinum fosters public participation and enhances trust in the judicial process, reflecting Iceland's long tradition of community-based justice.

Legal scholars note that the Icelandic jury system is unique in its combination of professional adjudication with lay contribution, offering a distinctive model within the Nordic legal context. The practice continues to adapt, with ongoing discussions about potential reforms to improve representativeness and procedural efficiency.