vinkristin

Vincristine, also known by its brand name Oncovin, is a medication primarily used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It belongs to the class of drugs called vinca alkaloids, which are derived from the periwinkle plant (*Catharanthus roseus*). Vincristine functions by interfering with cell division, specifically by inhibiting the formation of microtubules, which are essential components of the mitotic spindle. This disruption prevents cancer cells from dividing and growing, thereby slowing or stopping tumor progression.

The drug is commonly administered intravenously and is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Vincristine is particularly effective in treating certain leukemias, lymphomas, neuroblastomas, and other solid tumors. It is frequently included in standard chemotherapy regimens such as the CODOX-M/IVAC protocol for lymphoma and the VAC regimen for neuroblastoma.

Like many chemotherapeutic agents, vincristine can cause significant side effects. Common adverse reactions include peripheral neuropathy, characterized by numbness, tingling, or weakness in the extremities, as well as hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. More severe complications, such as neutropenia (a reduced number of white blood cells) or neurotoxicity, may also occur and require careful monitoring. Due to its potential toxicity, vincristine must be administered under strict medical supervision.

The drug is not typically used orally because of its poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Instead, it is given as an intravenous infusion, which allows for precise dosing and immediate distribution throughout the body. Proper handling and administration are critical, as vincristine is highly potent and can cause severe harm if mishandled.

Vincristine was first isolated in the 1950s and has since become a cornerstone in oncology treatment. Ongoing research continues to explore its mechanisms of action and potential combinations with newer targeted therapies to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity in cancer patients.