viiteryhmiä

Viiteryhmiä, often translated as reference groups, are social constructs that individuals use as a standard for self-evaluation and social comparison. They can influence a person's attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and overall self-concept. People may belong to a viiteryhmä, in which case it is a membership group, or they may aspire to be part of a group they admire, making it a symbolic or aspirational group.

The impact of viiteryhmiä can be seen in various aspects of life. For instance, adolescents often look to their peer groups as viiteryhmiä, shaping their fashion choices, music preferences, and social activities. Similarly, professionals may identify with the norms and standards of their colleagues in a particular field, using them as a benchmark for their own performance and career development.

These groups exert influence through a process of social comparison. Individuals assess their own qualities, achievements, and possessions by comparing them to those of members of their chosen viiteryhmä. This comparison can lead to feelings of satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and can motivate individuals to change their behavior to conform to group norms or to strive for perceived desirable traits. The desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval from a viiteryhmä is a significant driver of conformity.