videocapillaroscopy

Videocapillaroscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used primarily in dermatology and rheumatology to examine the microcirculation of the skin. The procedure involves the use of a high-magnification video microscope, often paired with a digital camera or video camera, to capture images or videos of the capillaries in the nailfold area, typically of the fingers. This method allows clinicians to assess the structure, flow, and morphology of capillaries in real time, providing valuable insights into vascular health.

The nailfold capillaroscopy is the most common application of videocapillaroscopy, where the nailfold region is examined for signs of capillary abnormalities. These abnormalities can indicate underlying systemic conditions, such as connective tissue diseases (e.g., systemic sclerosis), inflammatory disorders, or other microvascular pathologies. Common findings may include capillary dilation, tortuosity, hemorrhages, or avascular areas, which can help in diagnosing or monitoring diseases.

The procedure is relatively quick, painless, and does not require any special preparation. A drop of immersion oil is applied to the nailfold to enhance visibility, and the microscope is gently placed over the nail. The video camera captures detailed images or videos, which are then analyzed by the clinician. Videocapillaroscopy is particularly useful for longitudinal studies, as it allows for comparison of changes over time in patients with chronic conditions.

While videocapillaroscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool, it is not typically used as a standalone test. Instead, it is often employed alongside other clinical assessments, laboratory tests, and imaging studies to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s vascular status. The technique is widely recognized for its utility in research and clinical practice, particularly in the early detection and monitoring of connective tissue diseases.