viélle

The vièle, also known as vielle or fidel, is a medieval bowed string instrument. Its exact form varied significantly across different regions and historical periods, making a single definitive description challenging. Generally, it was a string instrument played with a bow, and its body typically featured a rounded shape, often resembling a pear or a lute. The number of strings could also vary, commonly ranging from three to five.

The vièle was a prominent instrument in European music from the 9th century onwards, particularly during the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance. It was used in a wide range of musical contexts, from courtly entertainment and secular songs to religious performances. The instrument's sound was often described as sweet and melancholic, lending itself to expressive melodies. Its popularity waned with the rise of other string instruments like the violin and viola da gamba. While its direct lineage is debated, its influence on the development of modern bowed string instruments is undeniable. Surviving examples and depictions in medieval art provide valuable insights into its construction and use.