vesekeringések

Vesekeringések, also known as kidney stones or renal calculi, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can develop in any part of the urinary tract, from the kidneys to the bladder. The most common types of kidney stones are calcium stones, followed by uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones.

The formation of kidney stones is often attributed to a combination of factors. These include dehydration, which leads to a higher concentration of stone-forming substances in the urine; diet, particularly high intake of certain proteins, sodium, and sugars; obesity; certain medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, hyperparathyroidism, and urinary tract infections; and family history of kidney stones.

Symptoms of kidney stones can vary depending on their size and location. Small stones may pass unnoticed. Larger stones can cause severe pain, typically in the side and back, below the ribs, which may radiate to the lower abdomen and groin. Other symptoms include a persistent urge to urinate, pain or burning sensation during urination, pink, red, or brown urine, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, nausea, and vomiting.

Diagnosis usually involves a review of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds. Urinalysis and blood tests may also be performed.

Treatment for kidney stones depends on the stone's size, type, and the severity of symptoms. Small stones may be treated with increased fluid intake and pain medication to help them pass naturally. For larger stones or those causing complications, medical procedures like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be necessary to break up or remove the stones. Prevention strategies focus on lifestyle changes such as increasing water intake, modifying diet, and managing underlying medical conditions.