vermeden

Vermeden is a Turkish adverbial participle formed from the verb vermek (to give) with the suffix -meden, meaning "without giving" or "without providing." It is used to introduce a subordinate clause that describes an action carried out without the object or information specified by the verb in the -meden phrase. The construction can express manner, contingency, or sequence, often translating to "without doing X" or "before doing X" when paired with time words like önce.

The -meden suffix attaches to the verb stem: ver- + -meden = vermeden. The subject of the main clause is usually the same as the subject of the -meden clause, though Turkish allows some flexibility through ellipsis or context. It is common in both formal and informal registers.

Examples:

- Hiç kimseye haber vermeden ayrıldı. (He left without informing anyone.)

- Kredi vermeden önce müşterinin kimliğini doğrulamalısınız. (Before giving the loan, you should verify the customer's identity.)

- Raporu vermeden önce onay alındı mı? (Was approval obtained before delivering the report?)

Notes:

Vermeden can combine with various objects to indicate what is not given, such as haber (information), bilgi (data), or para (money). It forms part of a broader Turkish system of adverbial participles that also includes -meden önce for “before doing,” and -meden sonra for “after not doing” in some contexts.