verevoolu

Verevoolu (blood flow) is the movement of blood through the circulatory system. It is essential for tissue perfusion, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and waste products.

The principal determinants are cardiac output (the product of heart rate and stroke volume) and systemic vascular resistance, which create the pressure gradient that drives flow through vessels. Vascular compliance, vessel radius, and blood viscosity also shape the distribution and velocity of verevoolu.

Regulation combines autonomic neural control, hormonal influences, and local autoregulation. Autonomic nerves adjust heart rate and vasomotor tone; endothelin and nitric oxide modulate resistance. Local autoregulation aligns regional flow to metabolic demand, particularly in the brain, heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscles.

Assessment methods include noninvasive Doppler ultrasound to measure flow velocity, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and, less commonly, invasive flow probes during surgery. In physiology and medicine, verevoolu is often discussed alongside mean arterial pressure and cardiac output as a core parameter of hemodynamics.

Clinically, abnormalities of verevoolu contribute to shock, hypertension, and ischemic injury from arterial disease. Therapeutic strategies aim to optimize flow via fluid management, vasomotor support, and treatment of underlying causes.