verdikt

Verdikt is a term used in many legal systems to denote the formal decision issued by a court or other competent authority at the end of a trial. A verdict resolves the issues in dispute and states the outcome, such as guilt or innocence in criminal cases, or liability and, in civil cases, the extent of damages or responsibility.

Origin and usage: The word derives from Latin verdictum, through Old French and English; in Dutch, verdikt is used in some contexts as a loanword meaning the court's decision. In Dutch legal language, more common terms for the decision are vonnis or uitspraak, while verdikt may appear in media or international contexts.

Scope and consequences: A verdict is typically delivered by a jury or judge after assessing evidence. In criminal cases, the verdict usually states guilty or not guilty. In civil cases it may determine liability and, if applicable, the amount of damages. After the verdict, a sentence or remedy is determined, either in the same proceeding or in a separate phase. Verdicts may be appealed, or new trials may be requested on specified grounds.

Variations: The relationship between verdicts and judgments varies by country. In some systems the verdict is the jury's factual determination; the judge then issues a separate judgment that formalizes the legal ruling and remedies. In others, the verdict and judgment are issued together; there may also be directed verdicts or judgments notwithstanding the verdict. The exact terms and procedures depend on jurisdiction.