vasopressinadesmopressina

Vasopressinadesmopressina is a term sometimes used to refer to vasopressin and its synthetic analog desmopressin (DDAVP). It is not a single chemical compound but a shorthand for the family of peptide hormones and their analogs that act on vasopressin receptors in the body. Vasopressin (arginine vasopressin, AVP) is a nine‑amino‑acid hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary, while desmopressin is a modified, more selective analog.

Chemistry and pharmacology

Vasopressin acts on V1 receptors to cause vascular contraction and on V2 receptors in the kidney to promote water reabsorption by increasing aquaporin‑2 channels in the collecting ducts. Desmopressin is 1‑desamino‑8‑D‑arginine vasopressin, a synthetic analog designed to retain antidiuretic effects with reduced pressor activity. The pharmacodynamic profile of desmopressin features a longer antidiuretic effect and greater selectivity for renal V2 receptors, making it useful for disorders of water balance.

Clinical uses

Desmopressin is widely used to treat central diabetes insipidus and to manage nocturnal enuresis in children. It also increases plasma levels of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, providing hemostatic benefit in mild hemophilia A and certain forms of von Willebrand disease. Vasopressin itself has applications in acute settings, including vasodilatory shock and certain gastrointestinal bleeds, though its use is more limited today.

Administration and safety

Desmopressin can be given intranasally, orally, subcutaneously, or intravenously, depending on indication. Common adverse effects include hyponatremia from water retention, headache, and hyponatremia‑related symptoms. Careful dosing and fluid management are essential, especially in children and patients with renal impairment or cardiovascular risk. Drug interactions (eg, NSAIDs) can enhance antidiuretic effects.