vasculitises

Vasculitis is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. This inflammation can weaken vessel walls, leading to narrowing, blockage, or rupture. The causes of vasculitis are diverse and can include autoimmune responses where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own blood vessels, infections, or certain medications.

The symptoms of vasculitis vary greatly depending on which blood vessels are affected and the severity of the inflammation. General symptoms may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and general aches and pains. Specific symptoms can arise from damage to organs supplied by the inflamed vessels. For instance, vasculitis affecting the skin can cause rashes or sores, while inflammation of vessels in the kidneys might lead to kidney problems. Neurological symptoms can occur if blood vessels in the brain are involved.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to detect inflammation markers or antibodies, and imaging techniques such as angiography or ultrasound to visualize the blood vessels. Sometimes, a biopsy of an affected blood vessel or organ is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment for vasculitis aims to reduce inflammation, prevent further damage to blood vessels and organs, and manage any underlying causes. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant medications are commonly used to control the immune system's activity. The prognosis for vasculitis depends on the specific type, the organs involved, and the promptness and effectiveness of treatment.