valeriana

Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, commonly known as valerian. The best-known species is Valeriana officinalis, the common valerian, with several other species including Valeriana wallichiana (Indian valerian).

Valeriana species are herbaceous perennials with creeping rhizomes. They produce pinnate leaves and small, pale pink to white flowers arranged in dense cymes. The root is thick, brown, and strongly scented; it is the part most frequently used medicinally.

Valerian root has a long history of use as a calming remedy for insomnia and anxiety. Preparations include dried root, tinctures, and standardized extracts enriched in valerenic acids and valepotriates. Pharmacological evidence is mixed; some studies report modest sedative or anxiolytic effects, possibly via interactions with the GABA system, while results vary by preparation and study.

Valerian is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but side effects can include dizziness, headache, gastrointestinal upset, and daytime sleepiness. It may interact with CNS depressants and alcohol; use with caution in people taking sedatives, antidepressants, or with liver disease. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals are usually advised to avoid valerian.

In the European Union, valerian is sold as a traditional herbal medicinal product under specific guidelines, and in the United States it is commonly sold as a dietary supplement without a medical indication; neither is FDA-approved for treatment. Consumers are advised to follow label instructions and consult a healthcare professional for persistent symptoms.

Valerian is grown in temperate regions worldwide, preferring moist, well-drained soils. Roots are harvested in autumn, dried, and used in herbal products.