vahvistaen

Vahvistaen is a Finnish present adverbial participle formed from the verb vahvistaa, meaning to confirm or to strengthen. In Finnish grammar, vahvistaen functions to indicate the manner, instrument, or reason by which the action of the main clause is carried out. In English translations it is often rendered as “confirming” or “by confirming.”

The form is created by attaching the participle ending -en to the verb stem (vahvist-). It is used to connect a subordinate non-finite clause to the main clause, typically in formal or written Finnish, and may appear at the beginning or within a sentence, separated by a comma. For example: Vahvistaen väitteensä, hän julkaisi lisätodisteita. (Confirming his claim, he published additional evidence.)

Usage notes include its predominance in written rather than everyday spoken Finnish. It contributes to more complex, tightly linked sentences common in journalism, academic writing, and legal or official texts. The participle can convey agency or method without repeating the main verb in a new finite clause, thereby enabling concise expression.

Related forms include vahvistaminen (the act of confirmation or validation), vahvistava (the confirming, a present active participle meaning “confirming”), and vahvistus (the noun “confirmation”). The root verb vahvistaa carries senses of both confirmation and strengthening, with vahvistaen occupying the instrumental or manner-focused niche in non-finite clause construction.