utrzymanie

Utrzymanie is a Polish noun derived from the verb utrzymywać, meaning the act or result of supporting, keeping, or sustaining something. It is used in various contexts to denote provision, care, or preservation, from financial support for people to the upkeep of objects and facilities.

In law, utrzymanie refers to the obligation to provide the essential means of life to someone who cannot fully support themselves. This usually concerns family relationships, such as spouses and children, and may extend to other relatives. In everyday usage, people often distinguish between utrzymanie in a broad social sense and alimenty (child support), which is a specific form of financial assistance. The amount and duration are typically determined by the needs of the person entitled and the resources of the obligor, and enforcement may be pursued through court or authorities.

In social policy and welfare, utrzymanie encompasses measures and benefits intended to ensure a basic standard of living, including housing, medical care, and education. It is associated with programs that provide financial aid or social services to those in need, aiming to prevent destitution and support independence.

In business and engineering, utrzymanie refers to maintenance activities designed to keep systems and equipment operational. Common terms include utrzymanie ruchu (maintenance of production lines), preventive maintenance, repairs, and replacement of parts. The objective is to minimize downtime, extend the life of assets, and ensure safety and reliability.

In everyday language, koszty utrzymania denote living expenses for a household, such as housing, food, clothing, healthcare, transport, and education. Understanding utrzymanie in its various meanings helps clarify discussions about finances, obligations, and stewardship.