ushanka

An ushanka is a Russian fur hat with ear flaps that can be tied up to the crown or fastened under the chin. The ear flaps are designed to cover the ears and cheeks in cold weather, and can be worn down for warmth or tied up to reduce bulk when not needed. The word ushanka is the Russian name for this style of hat.

Construction and materials vary. Traditional versions are made from animal fur such as sheepskin, rabbit, fox, or sable, with a wool or cloth lining and a leather or felt outer shell. Modern examples may use faux fur or synthetic materials. Some versions feature extra insulation, water resistance, or a brimless crown for use in milder conditions.

Usage and cultural associations. Ushankas have been used in Russia and other cold regions for centuries. In the 20th century they were widely issued to Soviet troops and were adopted in civilian winter wear. The hat remains common in Russia, Central Asia, and parts of Eastern Europe during winter. In Western popular culture, the ushanka is often associated with the Soviet era and is sometimes depicted in media, fashion, and memorabilia.

Variants and variations. Ear flaps may be permanently down or capable of flipping up; some models have a chin strap; hats may feature different fur types or lengths, and some have a full fur interior. The hat is valued for warmth in extreme cold, especially in subarctic climates.