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Ureterorenoscopy (commonly referred to as ureteroscopy) is a minimally invasive medical procedure used primarily to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The procedure is often employed for the removal of kidney stones, strictures (narrowing of the ureter), or to investigate the cause of unexplained hematuria (blood in the urine).

During a ureterorenoscopy, a flexible or rigid endoscope—a thin, lighted tube with a camera and small instruments attached—is inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureter. The endoscope allows the physician to visualize the ureter and kidney in real time, enabling precise identification and treatment of abnormalities. For stone removal, specialized instruments such as baskets, balloons, or lasers may be used to fragment or extract the stones. In cases of strictures, dilation or incision of the narrowed area may be performed to restore normal urine flow.

Ureterorenoscopy is typically performed under general anesthesia or sedation to ensure patient comfort. The procedure is generally safe, with most patients experiencing minimal discomfort afterward. Complications are rare but may include infection, bleeding, or injury to the ureter or surrounding tissues. Recovery time is usually short, with patients often resuming normal activities within a few days.

The procedure is favored for its effectiveness and lower risk compared to open surgery. Advances in technology have improved the precision and success rates of ureterorenoscopy, making it a standard treatment option for many urinary tract conditions. However, its suitability depends on individual patient factors, and consultation with a urologist is recommended to determine the best approach for each case.