urbanización

Urbanización is a term used in Spanish-speaking contexts with two related meanings. In general, it denotes the process by which an area becomes more urban in terms of population density, land use, infrastructure, and social and economic structures. It also refers to a type of residential development—a planned housing subdivision or neighborhood—common in many Latin American countries and parts of Spain and Portugal.

In the sense of process, urbanización involves migration from rural to urban areas, industrialization, and the expansion of services such as roads, schools, water, and sanitation. It leads to changes in land use, housing patterns, labor markets, and governance; challenges include urban sprawl, informal settlements, housing affordability, and environmental impact. Policies aim at integrated urban planning, affordable housing, and sustainable mobility.

In the sense of a housing development, an urbanización is a subdivision built with a defined street network, utilities, and common areas, often with a homeowners association that manages shared facilities and rules. These developments range from modest to upscale and can be both publicly or privately planned, sometimes including security features, parks, lighting, and commercial spaces.

Historically, urbanización has accompanied modernization and economic growth, reflecting shifts in where people live and how communities are organized. Contemporary discussions emphasize inclusive urbanización that provides access to housing, employment, transport, and services while minimizing environmental impact.