urða

urða is a term that appears in Old Norse literature, primarily associated with the concept of fate or destiny. It is closely related to the Norns, mythological beings who weave the threads of fate for gods and mortals alike. The word urða itself is often translated as "what has been willed" or "that which has been ordained."

In Norse mythology, the urðr represents the past and the irrevocable nature of destiny. It is one of the three threads spun by the Norns, alongside verðandi (what is becoming) and skuld (what shall be). Together, these three aspects shape the course of events in the cosmos. The urðr is immutable, representing the established past and the predetermined course of life.

The concept of urða highlights a deterministic worldview prevalent in some aspects of Norse thought. While individuals possessed agency and could strive to act virtuously, the ultimate outcome of their lives was often seen as preordained by the urðr. This did not necessarily negate the importance of courage and honorable conduct, as these actions were still performed within the framework of fate.

The term and its associated concepts provide insight into the Norse understanding of time, causality, and the forces that govern existence. It emphasizes a sense of inevitability and the powerful influence of destiny in the lives of all beings.