underhand

Underhand is a term used as both an adjective and an adverb to describe a technique or manner in which the hand operates from below or in a concealed way. In physical terms, an underhand throw or pitch is delivered with the hand moving from beneath shoulder level, often with the palm facing forward or upward, producing a rising or forward arc. This contrasts with overhand or sidearm motions and is common in sports such as softball, bowling, and some casual throwing activities.

In sports, underhand techniques are defined by the position of the throwing arm and the path of the ball. Underhand pitching or throwing is legally used in softball and certain youth or recreational contexts, where it may be preferred for control or style. Some terms like “underhand serve” or “underhand toss” describe actions where the ball is released from a lower plane than in an overhand delivery. The term can also be extended to describe movements or actions, not limited to throwing, that are executed from a lower angle or with a concealed approach.

Figuratively, underhand denotes actions performed in a secretive, dishonest, or unscrupulous way. Phrases such as underhand tactics or an underhand deal convey a negative evaluation of conduct, implying manipulation or subterfuge. The adjective is sometimes paired with the related noun form underhandedness to describe such behavior.

Etymology stems from under + hand, indicating the use of the hand in a position below or hidden from usual view. The term is often contrasted with overhand to highlight differences in technique or intention.