tüübi

Tõbi is the Estonian word for disease or illness. It denotes a pathological condition that deviates from normal health and is typically characterized by recognizable signs or symptoms, often with an underlying cause and a potential impact on functioning. Tõbi can be caused by pathogens, genetic or metabolic factors, or by injuries and environmental influences. It may be acute or chronic and can affect any organ system. In medical and official language, tõbi is used alongside adjectives such as krooniline or nakkuslik; in everyday speech, haigus is more common.

In health statistics and professional contexts, tõbi is a neutral, formal term for disease. The term is used in phrases such as krooniline tõbi and nakkushaigus, and public health classifications. Treatment depends on the specific disease and may include medication, therapy, lifestyle changes, or surgery. Prevention focuses on reducing risk factors, vaccination, hygiene, and timely medical care.

Etymology and nuance: Tõbi is a long-standing Estonian medical term with formal connotations, often appearing in regulatory language, medical literature, and health statistics. It is generally preferred in technical contexts, while haigus is more common in everyday language. Both words refer to health disorders, but their usage can convey different levels of formality.