tüdérelzáródás

Tüdérelzáródás, also known as pulmonary embolism, is a serious medical condition that occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These clots typically originate in the deep veins of the legs, a condition called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but can also form in other parts of the body. When a clot breaks free, it travels through the bloodstream, eventually lodging in the narrow vessels of the lungs.

The symptoms of pulmonary embolism can vary widely depending on the size and location of the clot. Common signs include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain that may worsen with deep breathing or coughing, rapid heart rate, and coughing up blood or bloody mucus. Some individuals may experience dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting. In severe cases, pulmonary embolism can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, shock, and even death.

Risk factors for developing pulmonary embolism include prolonged immobility, such as during long flights or after surgery, certain medical conditions like cancer and heart disease, obesity, smoking, and hormonal therapies like birth control pills. A history of DVT or pulmonary embolism also increases the risk of recurrence.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as a CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or a ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan. Blood tests, like a D-dimer test, may also be used to help rule out or support the diagnosis. Treatment aims to prevent further clot formation, dissolve existing clots, and manage symptoms. This often involves anticoagulant medications (blood thinners) and sometimes clot-busting drugs (thrombolytics) or surgical procedures.