törvényszékek

Törvényszékek are courts of first instance in Hungary. They are established by law and handle a broad range of civil and criminal cases. These courts operate at the county level and in the capital city, Budapest, with their territorial jurisdiction generally corresponding to administrative counties. Törvényszékek are responsible for cases that are not explicitly assigned to district courts or other specialized tribunals.

In criminal matters, törvényszékek typically hear more serious offenses, including felony charges, organized crime, and cases involving national security. In civil law, they deal with complex disputes such as large-value property claims, corporate law matters, family law cases involving significant assets, and administrative disputes. The judges presiding over törvényszékek are appointed by the President of Hungary based on recommendations.

The decisions of a törvényszék can be appealed to higher courts, usually the Curia of Hungary. The structure and jurisdiction of törvényszékek are outlined in Hungarian legislation, primarily the Act on the Organization and Administration of Courts. They play a crucial role in the Hungarian judicial system by providing a forum for initial adjudication of significant legal disputes.