tömések

Tömések refers to dental fillings, restorative procedures to repair teeth damaged by caries, trauma, or wear. They restore tooth structure, function, and sealing of the prepared cavity.

Etymology: from tömés, from tömni "to fill," used in dentistry to describe both materials and the procedure.

History: From gold foil and metal fillings of the 19th century to modern tooth-colored composites and glass ionomer cements; ceramic inlays/onlays and resin-ceramic hybrids broaden options.

Materials: Amalgam (durable, inexpensive, but metallic); composite resin (esthetic, bonds to tooth; requires more technique); glass ionomer cement (fluoride release); ceramic/porcelain (inlays/onlays, very esthetic); gold alloy (durable, biocompatible, expensive). Selection depends on location, caries risk, aesthetics, and patient preference.

Procedure: evaluation, decay removal, tooth prep, placement of filling material, curing or setting, finishing and polishing, bite check; typically performed under local anesthesia; may require multiple visits for inlays/onlays.

Lifespan and care: longevity depends on material, tooth location, bite forces, and oral hygiene; typical lifespans range from about 5-15 years; good oral care extends life; avoid excessive forces.

Safety and controversies: mercury-containing amalgam concerns; many authorities deem it safe; some patients opt for mercury-free options; allergies to certain components are rare but possible.