tõmbuma

Tõmbuma is an Estonian verb from the -ma family, derived from the root tõmb- meaning “to pull, draw.” It is typically used as the intransitive counterpart to the transitive verb tõmbama, describing a change of position or state that involves being drawn toward or away from something, or retreating into a place.

In its core sense, tõmbuma denotes movement or withdrawal. A common usage expresses someone moving back or trying to place themselves in a different position, for example ta tõmbub varju taha, meaning “he/she draws back into the shade” or “withdraws.” It can also appear with directional complements such as varju taha or eemale to indicate retreat.

Figuratively, the idea of attraction or influence is usually conveyed with the related verb tõmbama, as in tõmbab tähelepanu meaning “attracts attention.” Tõmbuma, while present in figurative contexts, more often signals a change of position or state rather than a direct act of drawing something toward oneself.

Grammar and usage notes: tõmbuma is a standard Estonian verb and follows the regular conjugation patterns of -ma verbs. It is frequently used in reflexive, intransitive senses to describe movements of the subject, such as withdrawing or shifting stance. When the focus is on pulling an object, the transitive form tõmbama is preferred, for example with köis (rope) or other direct objects.

See also: tõmbama, related verbs and common collocations involving attraction or movement.