tõlkis

Tõlkis is the past tense form of the Estonian verb tõlkima, meaning "to translate." It is used as a finite verb to indicate that someone translated something, typically with a third-person singular subject. For example: Ta tõlkis artikli eile.

Grammatical notes: Tõlkis marks the simple past tense for third-person singular. Estonian expresses past tense directly in the verb without an auxiliary. The corresponding forms include tõlkisid for third-person plural (they translated) and other person-number combinations follow standard conjugation patterns of the verb tõlkima.

Usage and related forms: Tõlkis appears in ordinary narrative or reporting speech to describe completed translation actions. It is often followed by a direct object in a suitable case (for instance, what was translated). The noun forms related to translation are tõlge (translation), tõlkimine or tõlkimine (the act of translating), and the agent noun tõlkija (translator).

See also: For broader linguistic context, see the Estonian verbs and their tenses, as well as related words tõlge, tõlkimine, and tõlkija. Tõlkis is limited to its grammatical function as a finite verb form and is not used as a standalone noun.