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tweewaardelogica

Tweewaardelogica, in Dutch often written as twee-waardelogica or tweewaardelogica, is a formal system in which every declarative sentence is assigned exactly one of two truth values: true or false. It provides the standard framework for much of mathematics, computer science, and philosophy of language, and underpins most formal reasoning in these fields.

Its historical development culminated in the formal propositional and predicate calculi of the late 19th and

In tweewaardelogica, formulas are built from propositions using connectives such as NOT, AND, OR, IMPLICATION and

Variants include classical propositional logic and first-order logic, and the framework can be extended with quantifiers.

Applications include the design of digital circuits, formal verification, programming language semantics and automated theorem proving,

early
20th
centuries,
with
contributions
by
Frege,
Peano,
and
Russell,
and
later
precise
truth-conditions
for
first-order
sentences
given
by
Tarski.
BICONDITIONAL.
The
truth
of
complex
formulas
is
determined
by
truth
tables.
The
system
is
truth-functional:
the
truth
value
of
a
compound
sentence
depends
only
on
the
truth
values
of
its
components.
The
law
of
the
excluded
middle
and
double
negation
elimination
are
standard
principles;
a
formula
is
valid
if
it
evaluates
to
true
under
every
interpretation,
and
a
tautology
is
true
for
all
valuations.
It
contrasts
with
multi-valued
logics
(three-valued,
fuzzy)
and
intuitionistic
logic,
which
reject
some
classical
principles.
database
query
optimization
and
AI
reasoning.
Limitations
arise
when
modeling
certain
natural-language
phenomena
or
paradoxes
that
resist
a
strict
true/false
assignment.