tvrzení

Tvrzení is a Czech term meaning an assertion, claim, or statement. It denotes a declarative utterance that conveys information, an opinion, or a proposition intended to be taken as true or to invite verification. The word derives from the verb tvrdit, "to assert" or "to claim."

In everyday language, tvrzení covers simple factual reports, personal opinions presented as facts, and allegations. Its interpretation depends on context, speaker intention, and available evidence. Listeners often distinguish between mere assertions and those supported by reasons or proof.

In logic and philosophy, a tvrzení corresponds to a declarative sentence with a truth value: true, false, or indeterminate. Formal disciplines classify tvrzení as empirical (verifiable by observation), analytic (true by definition), or mathematical/logical (provable within a formal system). The status of a tvrzení in an argument depends on its justification and relation to premises.

In law and public discourse, tvrzení often appears as an allegation or claim that must be substantiated by evidence. Courts and investigative processes assess such tvrzení through procedures intended to establish credibility and factual accuracy.

In rhetoric and argumentation theory, a tvrzení functions as the central claim that an arguer seeks to establish, typically supported by premises, evidence, and reasoning. Understanding the nature and burden of a tvrzení is essential for critical evaluation and rational debate.