tunicate

A tunicate is a type of marine animal that belongs to the phylum Chordata. They are characterized by their unique life cycle, which includes two distinct forms: a larval stage and a marine adult stage. Tunicates, also known as sea squirts, are herbivores and were previously classified as members of the phylum Echinodermata.

Tunicates have a bulbous body shape and a cylindrical siphon that serves as an inhalant and exhalant siphon. They are attached to rocks or reefs by a base called a stalk or peduncle. Adult tunicates have a simple body structure, consisting of a tunic, which is a protective, balloon-like layer of tissue that also houses a network of canals and glands. They have a basic nervous system, a digestive system, and a water vascular system.

Some species of tunicates are filter feeders, while others are predators. They range in color from translucent to dark brown and are found in waters all over the world, from the tropics to the polar regions. Tunicates are hermaphroditic, having both male and female reproductive organs. They produce a gelatinous, egg string-like structure that is released into the water column.

Tunicates are a vital component of marine ecosystems, serving as both prey and prey cycle processors. They contribute to the process of recycling nutrients in the ocean. Despite their medical potential, including antiviral compounds, and environmental importance, many species are threatened or endangered due to habitat destruction and overfishing. Overall, tunicates continue to be an area of scientific study and fascination due to their unique life cycle and diverse ecological roles.